Chemistry Component

How Pressure Temperature and Volume (gas laws) play a role in their design:
The Gay Lussac's law states that the volume is constant and the pressure of gas is proportional to the temperature in the project.When lighting the ethanol, it increases the temperature in the ethanol and the volume of its gas increases and pushes the ball out.

Chemical Equation for the combustion of Ethanol Oxygen:
C2H5OH+3O2---2CO2+3H2O

Launch Angle/Justification(usingmath reasoning): Our group chose an 45* to angle our cannons because we think that 40* would be too low and anything aimed to higher than 50* would shoot straight up and not get our maximum shooting range.

We choose our design because we believe that is the most efficient design because of its reinforced areas and chambers.

What you would do differently? The thing that I would do diffrently would be not using the very bottom base as a holder at the end of the cannon.I realy do not see the need for that extra part.


Difficulties in construction: In constructing the cannon we had difficulties trying to allow the cannon to stand. Our first try was cutting the lids of tennis ball cans and trying tomake a stand for it but it did not work. 



Record the distance your cannon shot the nerf ball.(do in March)


Materials: 2 tennis ball cans with tops,scissors,and an 18 inch piece of tape.
1.Measure the first tennis ball can 4 inches above the bottom of the bottle . Then after the first mark draw a second mark with within 4 inches of the first mark.Cut the first Tennis ball can first and second mark of the cannon.Then we stab a hole on the bottom piece left over near and measure three inches from the bottom to allow the gas to escape.We do this same procedure for the second tennis bottle can we have. Exception:do not put a hole 3 inches above the bottom of the bottle of the second tennis ball can.

2.Then take the Second tennis ball can and cut the bottom of the bottle off where the first mark from the bottom starts and then cut the second mark which is at the top of tennis ball bottle off.The second cannon you should do the same rules.

3. You just have the base of the tennis ball can left over.After you cut the two bottles you should have a top Part, a cut middle part bottle and half of the end of the first bottle on bottom. Put them all together.Remember if you have cut the wire on the second tennis ball bottle do it now we need it later on on you should only have a top plastic par of the bottle with the wire on top of it.

4. Tap these pieces together with duct tape to hold them in place.




5.After taping the pieces together measure 45 degrees from the bottom of the cannon and then once you get a mark of 45* insert the last part of the tennis ball cannon which is the very base of the cannon we cut earlier and insert onto the end of the cannon.
 




6.Take the piece of  silver wire left and insert it onto the the front of the cannon to raise the cannon to shoot a little higher.







Expected Results/Intial Velocity:

Our group found this formula from research:

g: the gravitational acceleration—usually taken to be 9.80 m/s² (32 f/s²) near the Earth's surface

θ: the angle at which the projectile is launched

v: the velocity at which the projectile is launched

We did this equation with a mine of prediction that the intial velocity would be somwhere around 5.0.
So We used 12 which was the seconds the cannonball flew in the air. We multiplied 12 times 32ft .We arrived at the answer of 384.Then we plugged in our calculator sin(45). We got the answer of .707sin.Then we multiplied .707 times 2.Which gave us the answer of 1.41.We divided 384 by 1.41 and got the answer of 272 ft per second for velocity.

So with our findings of the intial velocity my trajectory predictions are that higher the cannon goes up in the air,the slower it falls down in the air.
Cannon Construction Plan:

Math Component

Quadratic Model h= -16t²+v₀t+h₀

A cannonball is shot upward from the upper deck of a fort with an initial velocity of 192 feet per second.  The deck is 32 feet above the ground. 

Quadratic Model: __________________

1.     How high does the cannonball go? __________ (Remember you are looking for a specific part of the vertex.)

2.     How long is the cannonball in the air? ___________ (Remember you can use the quadratic formula.)

Step to solve first problem:You use the formula-   b/2a

Step 1:I used the -b over 2a for the first equation.

Step 2:The b term is 192 which is my velocity and I put a negative outside of the parentheses.

Step3:I put negative 192 over 2 times my a term which is -16 .

Step3:The I put negative 192 over -32 which the answer is 6.

Step 4: Then I plugged all the numbers in the t  -16(6)^2+192+32 .

Step 5:That gives me the answer of 608 ft.

Steps to solve Second Problem

Step1:I use the Quadratic Formula which is  negative b Plus or minus square root b squared negative 4 ac over two a.

Step 2 :I plug my numbers in the right places in the quadratic formula.

Step 3:I put negative 192 in the -b outside of the square root.

Step 4:I insert a plus and minus before the square root .

Step 5: plug in 192^2 in the b squared area and then minus 4 and times (-16) because that represents a and multiply the c represents 32.

Step 6:I put a dividing symbol and put 2 times-16. Negative 192 plus and minus square root of 38912 divided by negative 32.

Step 7:I plugged each number in twice for instance negative 192 minus the square root divided by negative 32 and negative 192 plus the square root and divided by negative 32.

Step8: I came up with the answer and that is two diffrent answers negative.16 and 12.16. I go with the highest number which is 12.16 because the question is asking how long does the cannonball go up in the air.

English Component

"Afghanistan War."encyclopedia.com.  encyclopedia,  n.d.  Web. 24 Jan. 2011.
"Battle of Shimabara Rebellion War." CountryWars.com. Country Wars, n.d. Web. 24 March. 2005.

“Rio Favelas”. Scothadfield.ca. Scothadfields, n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2011.

“Religions of Japan.” Word IQ.com. Word IQ, n.d. Web. 4 Jan.2011.

Shackleford  Rusty p.h.d. “Zeus: Humvees with Laser Cannons.”Photograph. New Cannon IQ. n.d,  20 February 2006. Web. 2 Feb. 2011.

Luoshangzhi. ”SciFi Pirates."  Photograph. Cannon Wars.  Wargames Factory Forums, 22 May 2004. Web. 2 Feb. 2011.    

Wallace Robert .“From Dam Neck to Okinawa: A Memoir of Antiaircraft Training in World War II.” Photograph. World War 2 Effects . n.d,  22 June 2004. Web. 2 Feb. 2011.

This is how the Story A Long Way Gone relates to the arguement on the ethics of weapon developement The boy Ishmael could have used the gun as a sense of protection but not have used it to take revenge . That is the Right and wrong about the story. I believe that it is wrong to kill people for no reason and to take revenge using guns or any kind of weapons of mass destruction. Those guns in the story a Long Way Gone just have been used to attack the rebels or attackers when they came to their villiage.